Shinda dzinonyanya kukamurwa kuita tambo dzekubatanidza uye tambo dzekutumira.Kubatanidza tambo, nzira huru dzekugadzirisa ndeidzi: kubata, kupinza, kutenderedza, kutenderedza nekukunguruka, nezvimwewo;kune tambo dzekutumira, nzira huru dzekugadzirisa ndeidzi: rough-finish kutendeuka-kugaya, whirl milling-coarse-finishing, nezvimwe.
Kushandiswa kweiyo tambo musimboti kunogona kurondwa kumashure muna 220 BC, apo nyanzvi yechiGiriki Archimedes akagadzira screw yekusimudza mvura.Muzana ramakore rechina AD, musimboti wemabhaudhi nenzungu wakatanga kushandiswa kumichina yekutsikirira inoshandiswa mukugadzira waini munyika dzeMediterranean.Panguva iyoyo, shinda yokunze yaimonerwa netambo yaitenderedza cylindrical bar, yozotemwa maererano nechiratidzo ichi, nepo shinda yomukati yaiwanzogadzirwa nokurova shinda yokunze nechinhu chakapfava.
Around 1500, mune sketch yeshinda yekugadzira tambo yakadhirowewa naItari Leonardo da Vinci, pfungwa yekushandisa screw yechikadzi uye yekutsinhana giya kugadzira shinda nemapishi akasiyana yakatsanangurwa.Kubva ipapo, nzira yekucheka shinda nemichina yakatanga muindasitiri yekugadzira wachi yeEurope.
Muna 1760, hama dzokuBritain J. Wyatt naW. Wyatt vakawana patent yekucheka masiruu ehuni nemudziyo unokosha.Muna 1778, muBritish J. Ramsden akambogadzira tambo yekucheka tambo inotyairwa nehonye giya pair, iyo inogona kugadzira tambo refu nehupamhi hwepamusoro.Muna 1797, murungu H. Maudsley akashandisa sikuruu yechikadzi uye giya rekuchinjisa kushandura tambo dzesimbi dzemapiji akasiyana palathe yakagadziridzwa naye, uye akaisa nzira yekutanga yekutenderedza shinda.
Mumakore ekuma1820, Maudsley akagadzira matepi ekutanga uye anofa nekuda kweshinda.
Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, kusimukira kweindasitiri yemotokari kwakawedzera kusimudzira kumisikidzwa kwetambo uye kuvandudzwa kweakasiyana akajeka uye anoshanda nzira dzekugadzira tambo.Yakasiyana-siyana otomatiki yekuvhura misoro yekufa uye matepi anodzikira otomatiki akagadzirwa imwe mushure meimwe, uye shinda yekugaya yakatanga kuiswa.
Mukutanga kwema1930, kukuya kweshinda kwakaonekwa.
Kunyangwe tekinoroji yekukunguruka yaive patent mukutanga kwezana ramakore re19, nekuda kwekuoma kwekugadzira mold, kusimudzira kwacho kwainonoka kusvika Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri (1942-1945), nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvombo uye kusimudzira kwekukuya. tekinoroji Kubudirira kwakakurumidza kuwanikwa chete mushure mekugadzirisa dambudziko chairo rekugadzira mold.
Chikamu chekutanga: kucheka shinda
Zvinowanzo reva nzira yekugadzira tambo pazvishandiso zvine maturusi ekugadzira kana maturusi ekukwenya, kunyanya zvinosanganisira kutenderedza, kugaya, kubaya, kugaya shinda, kugaya uye kucheka kwechamupupuri.Pakutenderedza, kugaya uye kugaya tambo, cheni yekufambisa yemuchina wemuchina inova nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chekutenderedza, chigayo chekucheka kana vhiri rekukuya rinofamba chaizvo uye zvakaenzana lead imwe padivi peaxis yeworkpiece kune yega shanduko yebasa rekushanda.Kana uchibaya kana shinda, chishandiso (pombi kana kufa) uye workpiece inotenderera kune mumwe nemumwe, uye chishandiso (kana workpiece) inotungamirwa neyakagadzirwa tambo groove kuti ifambe axially.
01 Thread turning
Kubatidza shinda palatheti kunogona kuitwa nemudziyo wekutenderedza kana muzinga weshinda.Kutenderedza tambo nechishandiso chekugadzira kushandura inzira yakajairika yeimwe-chidimbu uye diki batch kugadzirwa kweshinda yakashongedzwa workpieces nekuda kweiyo yakapusa sisitimu chimiro;kushandura shinda neshinda yekumisikidza chishandiso kune yakakwirira kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi, asi chimiro chemidziyo chakaoma uye chakakodzera chete kugadzirwa kwepakati uye hombe batch.Kushandura shinda pfupi maworkpieces ane pitch yakanaka.Iko kurongeka kwakaringana kweakajairwa lathes yekutenderedza trapezoidal shinda kazhinji inogona kungosvika 8 kusvika 9 mamakisi (JB2886-81, zvakafanana pazasi);machining shinda pahunyanzvi shinda lathes inogona zvakanyanya kunatsiridza kugadzirwa kana kurongeka.
02 Thread Milling
Kukuya nedisc kana comb cutter pachigayo cheshinda.
Disc milling cutters anonyanya kushandiswa kukuya trapezoidal ekunze shinda pane workpieces akadai sikuruu nehonye.Comb-shaped milling cutter inoshandiswa pakugaya mukati nekunze tambo dzakajairwa uye tapered shinda.Sezvo yakagayiwa ne-multi-blade milling cutter uye kureba kwechikamu chayo chekushanda chakakura kupfuura kureba kweshinda kuti igadziriswe, iyo workpiece inongoda kutenderedzwa 1.25 kusvika 1.5 kutendeuka kuti igadziriswe.Kuitwa nekubudirira kwepamusoro.Hurukuro hwekugaya shinda hunogona kusvika pamagiredhi masere kusvika kupfumbamwe, uye kushata kwepamusoro iR5 kusvika 0.63 microns.Iyi nzira yakanakira kugadzirwa kwezvizhinji zvema threaded workpieces e general precision kana kuti roughing isati yakuya.
03Kukuya shinda
Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira tambo dzakaomeswa dzemichina yekukuya pamichina yekukuya.Zvinoenderana nechimiro chemuchinjiko-chikamu chegumbo rekukuya, inogona kukamurwa kuva mhando mbiri: imwechete-mutsara grinding vhiri uye akawanda-line grinding vhiri.Kurongeka kwepitch kunogona kuwanikwa ne-single-line grinding wheel giredhi 5 kusvika 6 mamakisi, uye kushata kwepamusoro iR1.25 kusvika 0.08 microns, iri nyore pakugaya vhiri kupfeka.Iyi nzira yakanakira kukuya zvikukutu, shinda dzegeji, makonye, mabhechi madiki ezvishandiso zvine shinda uye yekuyamura kugaya chaiko hobho.Multi-line kugaya vhiri kugaya yakakamurwa kuita longitudinal kugaya nzira uye plunge kugaya nzira.Munzira yokukuya nayo yelongitudinal, kufara kwevhiri kuduku pane kureba kweshinda inofanira kukuyiwa, uye vhiri rokukuya rinofamba kureba kamwe kana kuti kakawanda kukuya shinda kusvika pakukura kwekupedzisira.Hupamhi hwevhiri rekugaya nzira yekugaya yakakura kudarika urefu hweshinda ichagayiwa.Gumbo rekukuya rinochekwa mukati meiyo workpiece radially, uye workpiece inogona pasi zvakanaka mushure me 1.25 revolutions.Kugadzirwa kwacho kwakakwira, asi iko kurongeka kwakadzikira zvishoma, uye kupfeka kwegumbo kunowedzera kuoma.Plunge grinding inokodzera kukuya kwekukuya mabhechi makuru emapombi uye nekukuya dzimwe shinda dzekusimbisa.
04 Kukuya shinda
Iyo nut-type kana screw-type shinda yekukuya chishandiso inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakapfava senge simbi yakakandwa, uye chikamu chetambo yakagadziriswa pane workpiece ine pitch kukanganisa inotenderedzwa uye pasi kumberi nekumashure nzira kuvandudza kunaka kwepitch. .Shinda dzemukati dzakaomeswa dzinowanzoitwa pasi kuti dzibvise deformation uye kunatsiridza kurongeka.
05 Kubata uye kupinza
Kudzvanya: Iko kukwenya pombi mugomba repasi rakafanocherwa pane workpiece neimwe torque yekugadzirisa shinda yemukati.
Threading: Kucheka shinda yekunze pabhara (kana pombi) workpiece ine difa.Kurongeka kwemachina ekutepa kana kupinza kunoenderana nekurongeka kwepombi kana kufa.
Kunyangwe paine nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa tambo dzemukati nekunze, diki-dhayamita dzemukati tambo dzinogona kungogadziriswa nemapombi.Kutepfenyura uye shinda kunogona kuitwa nemaoko, pamwe chete nemalathesi, madhiri ekudhiraivha, michina yekutepa nemichina yekuisa tambo.
Chikamu chechipiri: thread rolling
Iyo nzira yekugadzirisa yeplastically deforming iyo workpiece ine yekugadzira rolling die kuti uwane shinda.Kupeta shinda kunowanzoitwa pamuchina wekumoneredza kana kuti otomatiki lathe ine otomatiki kuvhura uye kuvhara shinda inotenderedza musoro.Shinda dzekunze dzekugadzira misa yemafasteners akajairwa uye mamwe ma threaded couplings.Iyo dhayamita yekunze yeshinda yakakungurutswa kazhinji haipfuure 25 mm, kureba hakupfuuri 100 mm, iyo tambo yechokwadi inogona kusvika padanho 2 (GB197-63), uye dhayamita reiyo blank rakashandiswa rinenge rakaenzana nenzwi. dhayamita yeshinda yakagadziriswa.Kutenderedza kazhinji hakugone kugadzira tambo dzemukati, asi kune zvekushanda zvine zvinyoro zvinyoro, tepi isina grooveless extrusion inogona kushandiswa kutonhora-inoburitsa tambo dzemukati (iyo yakakwira dhayamita inogona kusvika 30 mm).Nheyo yekushanda yakafanana neyekutapa.Iyo torque inodiwa pakutonhora kuwedzeredzwa kwetambo dzemukati yakakura kakapetwa ka1 pane iyo yekutepa, uye iko machining echokwadi uye epamusoro mhando yakakwira zvishoma pane iyo yekutepa.
Zvakanakira kutenderedza shinda: ①Kushata kwepamusoro idiki pane kutenderedza, kukuya nekukuya;②Kusimba uye kuoma kweshinda pamusoro mushure mekukunguruka kunogona kuvandudzwa nekuda kwekutonhora kwebasa kuoma;③Chiyero chekushandiswa kwezvinhu chakakwira;④Kubereka kwakapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa nekucheka, uye zviri nyore kuziva otomatiki;⑤ Hupenyu hwekukunguruka hwakareba.Nekudaro, tambo yekutenderedza inoda kuti kuoma kweiyo workpiece zvinhu kusapfuure HRC40;kurongeka kwedimensional kwechisina chinhu kwakakwirira;iyo chaiyo uye kuoma kweiyo inotenderedza die zvakare yakakwirira, uye yakaoma kugadzira iyo kufa;haina kukodzera kukungurutsa shinda ine asymmetric mazino chimiro.
Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana-siyana yekukunguruka inofa, tambo yekukungurusa inogona kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri: shinda yekukungurusa uye shinda.
06 Kutenderedzwa kweshinda
Mahwendefa maviri anomonereka ane shinda yemazino akarongwa akatarisana kune rimwe nerimwe ane 1/2 pitch, iyo static plate inogadzika, uye ndiro inofamba inofamba mumutsara unodzokororwa unofambirana neiyo static plate.Kana workpiece inotumirwa pakati pemahwendefa maviri, ndiro inofamba inoenda mberi uye inokwesha workpiece kuti plastically deform pamusoro kuumba shinda.
07 Kutenderedzwa kweshinda
Kune mhando nhatu dzeradial shinda inokunguruka, tangential shinda inokunguruka uye musoro unomonereka.
①Radial tambo inotenderedzwa: 2 (kana 3) shinda inotenderedza mavhiri ane shinda profiles akaiswa pamativi akaenzana shafts, workpiece inoiswa parutsigiro pakati pemavhiri maviri, uye mavhiri maviri anotenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana munzira imwe chete.Gumbo rinoitawo radial feed motion.Iyo workpiece inotenderedzwa neshinda inotenderedza vhiri, uye pamusoro inokwidibirwa neradially kuita shinda.Kune mamwe masikuru ekutungamirira ayo asingade kunyatsojeka, nzira yakafanana inogona kushandiswawo kugadzira roll.
②Tangential thread rolling: Iyo inozivikanwawo seyepuraneti shinda inokunguruka, chishandiso chinotenderedza chine chinotenderera chepakati chetambo chinotenderedza vhiri uye matatu akagadzika arc-akaita shinda yeshinda.Munguva yekutenderedzwa kweshinda, iyo workpiece inogona kuramba ichidyiswa, saka chibereko chakakwira kupfuura icho chetambo yekukungurusa uye radial tambo yekukunguruka.
③ Thread rolling head: Inoitwa pane otomatiki lathe uye inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira mapfupi shinda pane workpiece.Kune 3 kusvika 4 tambo inotenderedza mavhiri akagoverwa zvakaenzana padivi rekunze reworkpiece mumusoro unotenderedza.Munguva yekutenderedzwa kweshinda, workpiece inotenderera uye musoro unotenderera unodyisa axially kukungurusa workpiece kunze kweshinda.
08 EDM threading
Kugadziriswa kwetambo dzakajairwa kunowanzo shandisa machining nzvimbo kana tepi michina uye maturusi, uye dzimwe nguva kubata nemaoko kunogoneka.Nekudaro, mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha, nzira dziri pamusoro apa hadzisi nyore kuwana yakanaka yekugadzirisa mhedzisiro, senge kudiwa kwemuchina tambo mushure mekupisa kupisa kwezvikamu nekuda kwekuregeredza, kana nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvenyama, sekuda kwekutepa zvakananga pa carbide. workpieces.Panguva ino, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekugadzirisa nzira yeEDM.
Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro ekugadzira, chirongwa che EDM chiri muhutano hwakafanana, uye gomba rezasi rinoda kutanga, uye hupamhi hwegomba rezasi hunofanira kugadziriswa maererano nemamiriro ekushanda.Iyo electrode inoda kugadzirwa kuita shinda chimiro, uye electrode inoda kukwanisa kutenderera panguva yekugadzira machining.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-06-2022