1. Kukuya chii?Edza kutaura marudzi akawanda ekukuya.
Mhinduro: Kukuya inzira yekugadzira iyo inobvisa iyo yakawandisa dhizaini pamusoro peiyo workpiece nekucheka chiito cheabrasive tool, kuitira kuti iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro ye workpiece inosangana nezvinodiwa kare.Mafomu ekukuya anowanzo anosanganisira: cylindrical grinding, kugaya mukati, kugaya kusina pakati, kugaya shinda, kugaya nzvimbo dzakati sandara dzezvishandiso zvebasa, uye kukuya kwekuumba nzvimbo.
2. Chii chinonzi abrasive tool?Ko vhiri rokukuya rakagadzirwa sei?Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinosarudza kuita kwayo?
Mhinduro: Zvishandiso zvose zvinoshandiswa pakukuya, kukuya uye kupukuta zvinosanganiswa zvinonzi midziyo yeabrasive, iyo yakawanda inogadzirwa neabrasives uye binders.
Mavhiri ekukuya anoumbwa neabrasive grains, binders uye pores (dzimwe nguva pasina), uye kushanda kwavo kunonyanya kusarudzwa nezvinhu zvakadai semabrasives, particle size, binders, kuoma uye sangano.
3. Ndeapi marudzi emabrasives?Nyora akati wandei anowanzo shandiswa abrasives.
Mhinduro: Iyo abrasive inokonzera zvakananga basa rekucheka, uye inofanira kuva nekuoma kwepamusoro, kupisa kwekushisa uye kumwe kuoma, uye inofanira kukwanisa kuumba micheto yakapinza uye makona kana yakaputsika.Parizvino, kune marudzi matatu emabrasives anowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa: oxide series, carbide series uye high-hard abrasive series.Anowanzo shandiswa mabrasives ndeewhite corundum, zirconium corundum, cubic boron carbide, synthetic diamond, cubic boron nitride, nezvimwe.
4. Ndeapi mafomu ekukuya mavhiri?Chii chinorehwa nekugadzira vhiri vhiri?
Mhinduro: Kupfeka kwegumbo rekukuya kunonyanya kusanganisira mazinga maviri: abrasive kurasikirwa uye kupera kwegumbo.Kurasikirwa kwezviyo zvinoputika pamusoro pevhiri rekukuya zvinogona kukamurwa kuva maitiro matatu akasiyana: passivation yezviyo zvinoputika, kupwanya kwezviyo zvinoputika, uye kubuda kwezviyo zvinoputika.Nekuwedzera kwenguva yekushanda kwegumbo rekukuya, kukwanisa kwayo kucheka kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pakupedzisira haigoni kugadzika pasi, uye iyo yakatsanangurwa machining yakarurama uye yepamusoro yepamusoro haigoni kuwanikwa.Panguva ino, vhiri rekukuya rinokundikana.Kune mafomu matatu: kudonhedza kwenzvimbo yekushanda yegumbo rekukuya, kuvharika kwenzvimbo yekushanda yegumbo rekukuya, uye kukanganiswa kweiyo contour yegumbo rekukuya.
Kana vhiri rekukuya rapera, rinodiwa kuti upfekezve gumbo rekukuya.Kupfeka ishoko rinowanzoreva kuumba nekurodza.Kuumba kuita kuti gumbo rekukuya rive nechimiro chejometri rine zvimwe zvinodiwa nemazvo;kurodza ndiko kubvisa chisungo chekubatanidza pakati pezviyo zvinoputika, kuitira kuti zviyo zvinoputika zvibude kubva kune chisungo chekubatanidza kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira (inenge 1/3 yehukuru hwezviyo zvinoputika), zvichiita kucheka kwakanaka uye nzvimbo yakakwana yezvimedu. .Kuumbwa nekurodza kwemavhiri akajairika anowanzoitwa mune rimwe;magadzirirwo nekurodzwa kwemavhiri ekukuya anopisa anowanzo patsanurwa.Iyo yekutanga ndeyekuwana yakanakira vhiri geometry uye iyo yekupedzisira ndeyekuvandudza kupinza kwekukuya.
5. Ndeapi maitiro ekukuya kufambisa mucylindrical uye pamusoro pekukuya?
Mhinduro: Paunenge uchikuya denderedzwa rekunze uye ndege, kufamba kwekugaya kunosanganisira mafomu mana: main motion, radial feed motion, axial feed motion uye workpiece kutenderera kana mutsara kufamba.
6. Rondedzera muchidimbu magadzirirwo ega ega abrasive.
Mhinduro: Kukuya kwetsanga imwe chete inoputika yakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu: kutsvedza, kukora uye kucheka.
(1) Sliding nhanho: Panguva yekukuya, ukobvu hwekucheka hunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva ku zero.Muchikamu chekutsvedza, nekuda kweiyo diki diki yekucheka ukobvu acg kana iyo abrasive yekucheka kumucheto uye workpiece inotanga kubata, kana blunt denderedzwa radius rn> acg pakona yepamusoro yezviyo zvinoputika, tsanga dzinoputika dzinotsvedza chete pamusoro. yeworkpiece, uye inongoburitsa Elastic deformation, hapana machipisi.
(2) Kunyora nhanho: nekuwedzera kwekupindira kwakadzika kweabrasive particles, kudzvinyirira pakati peabrasive particles uye pamusoro pebasa rekushanda kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye nzvimbo yepamusoro inoshandukawo kubva kune elastic deformation kusvika kune plastiki deformation.Panguva ino, iyo extrusion friction yakaoma, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa hunogadzirwa.Kana iyo simbi inopisa kusvika kune yakakosha, iyo yakajairika yekupisa kushushikana inodarika iyo yakakosha goho simba rezvinyorwa, uye kucheka kumucheto kunotanga kutema mukati meiyo chinhu.Kutsvedza kunosundidzira zvinhu kumberi uye kumativi ezviyo zvinoputika, zvichiita kuti zviyo zvinoputika zvive kuveza grooves pamusoro pebasa rekushanda, uye mabhuruku kumativi ose maviri e grooves.Hunhu hweichi nhanho ndeiyi: kuyerera kwepurasitiki uye bulge kunoitika pamusoro pechinhu, uye machipisi haagone kuumbwa nekuti kucheka kwekucheka kweabrasive particles hakusviki kukosha kwakakosha kwekuumbwa kwechip.
(3) Kucheka nhanho: Kana iyo intrusion kudzika kunowedzera kune yakakosha kukosha, iyo yakachekwa layer inotsvedza padivi peshear pamusoro peiyo extrusion yeabrasive particles, ichigadzira machipisi kuti ayerera achibuda pamwe nerake face, iyo inonzi danho rekucheka.
7. Shandisa mhinduro yeJCJaeger kuti uongorore tembiricha yenzvimbo yekukuya panguva yakaoma.
Mhinduro: Kana uchikuya, iyo yekubata arc kureba zvakare idiki nekuda kwekudzika kudiki kwekucheka.Saka inogona kutorwa sebhandi-yakaita kupisa sosi inofamba pamusoro pemuviri usingaperi.Ichi ndicho chirevo cheJCJaeger's solution.(a) Sosi yekupisa kwepamusoro munzvimbo yekukuya (b) Rongedza hurongwa hwekudziya kwepasi pakufamba.
Iyo grinding contact arc area AA￠B￠B ibhandi rinopisa sosi, uye kusimba kwayo kuri qm;hupamhi hwayo w inoenderana nehupamhi hwevhiri rekukuya uye kudzika kwekuya.Sosi yekupisa AA￠B￠B inogona kutorwa seyakasanganiswa isingaverengeke mutsara wekupisa sosi dxi, tora imwe mutsara wekupisa sosi dxi yekuferefeta, kusimba kwayo kwainopisa ndeye qmBdxi, uye inofamba ichitevedza X kutungamira nekumhanya Vw.
8. Ndeapi marudzi ekukuya anopisa uye maitiro avo ekudzora?
Mhinduro: Zvichienderana nechitarisiko chekutsva, pane kutsva, kutsva kwemavara, uye kutsva kwemutsara (kutsva kwemutsara pamusoro pese pese chikamu).Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekuchinja kwepamusoro microstructure, pane: kupisa kunopisa, kudzima kutsva, uye kutsva kwekupisa.
Mukuita kugaya, chikonzero chikuru chekupisa ndechekuti tembiricha yenzvimbo yekukuya yakanyanya.Kuti uderedze tembiricha yenzvimbo yekukuya, nzira mbiri dzinogona kutorwa kuderedza chizvarwa chekukuya kupisa uye kukurumidza kuendesa kupisa kwekukuya.
Matanho ekudzora anotorwa kazhinji:
(1) Kusarudzwa kunonzwisisika kwehuwandu hwekukuya;
(2) Sarudza nemazvo vhiri rekukuya;
(3) Kushandisa zvine musoro nzira dzekutonhodza
9. Kukuya nekukasika chii?Kuenzaniswa nekukuya kwemazuva ose, ndeapi maitiro ekukuya-kukurumidza?
Mhinduro: High-speed grinding inzira yekuvandudza kukuya uye kukuya kunaka nekuwedzera mutsara wekumhanya kwegumbo rekukuya.Musiyano uripo pakati payo nekugayawo zvawo uri mukumhanya kwekugaya kukuru uye chiyero chekudya, uye tsananguro yekumhanya-mhanya iri kufambira mberi nenguva.Pamberi pemakore ekuma1960, apo kumhanya kwekugaya kwaive 50m / s, yainzi kukuya-kumhanya.Mumakore ekuma1990, kukurumidza kugaya kwakasvika 500m/s.Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, kumhanya kwekukuya pamusoro pe100m/s kunonzi kukuya-kumhanya.
Kuenzaniswa nekukuya kwakajairika, kugaya kwepamusoro kune zvinotevera maitiro:
(1) Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti mamwe maparamendi ose anochengetwa nguva dzose, kungowedzera kukurumidza kwegumbo kunotungamira kuderedzwa kwekucheka kwehupamhi uye kuderedzwa kunowirirana kwesimba rekucheka rinoshanda pane imwe neimwe abrasive particle.
(2) Kana iyo workpiece kumhanya ichiwedzerwa maererano nekukuya vhiri kumhanya, kucheka ukobvu kunogona kuramba kusingachinji.Muchiitiko ichi, simba rekucheka rinoshanda pane imwe neimwe tsanga inoputika uye simba rekukuya rinoguma harishanduki.Kubatsira kukuru kweizvi ndekwekuti chiyero chekubvisa zvinhu chinowedzera zvakaenzana nesimba rekukuya.
10. Rondedzera muchidimbu zvinodiwa zvekukuya zvekumhanya zvekukuya mavhiri uye midziyo yemuchina.
Mhinduro: Mavhiri ekukuya anomhanya-mhanya anofanira kuita zvinotevera zvinodiwa:
(1) Simba remagetsi regumbo rekukuya rinofanira kukwanisa kumira simba rekucheka panguva yekukurumidza-kukuya;
(2) Kuchengetedza uye kuvimbika panguva yekukuya-kumhanya;
(3) chitarisiko chakapinza;
(4) Iyo binder inofanirwa kuve neyakanyanya kupfeka kuramba kudzikisa kupera kwevhiri rekukuya.
Zvinodiwa pakukuya-kumhanya pamaturusi emuchina:
(1) High-speed spindle nemabearings ayo: Mabearings e-high-speed spindles anowanzo shandisa angular contact ball bearings.Kuti uderedze kupisa kweiyo spindle uye kuwedzera kukurumidza kukuru kweiyo spindle, mazhinji echizvarwa chitsva cheakakwira-kumhanya maspindle emagetsi anozorwa nemafuta uye gasi.
(2) Pamusoro pemabasa ezvigayo zvakajairika, magiya anomhanya-mhanya anodawo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvinotevera: kusimba kwesimba, kunyorova kwepamusoro, kushomeka kwepamusoro uye kugadzikana kwekupisa;yakanyanya otomatiki uye yakavimbika nzira yekukuya.
(3) Mushure mekumhanya kwevhiri rekukuya kwakawedzera, simba rayo rekinetic rinowedzerawo.Kana vhiri rekukuya rikatyoka, zviri pachena kuti rinokonzeresa kukuvadza kwakawanda kuvanhu nemidziyo pane kungogayawo zvako.Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kunze kwekuvandudza kusimba kwegumbo rekugaya pacharo, yakakosha Iyo vhiri gadhi yekukurumidza-kukuya ndiyo chiyero chakakosha chekuchengetedza kuchengeteka.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-23-2022